土方开挖工艺流程：
Earthwork excavation process:
确定开挖的顺序和坡度→沿灰线切出槽边轮廓线→分层开挖→修整槽边→清底
Determine the excavation sequence and slope → cut out the contour line of the groove edge along the ash line → excavate in layers → trim the groove edge → clean the bottom
土方开挖时，应防止邻近建筑物或构筑物，道路、管线等发生下沉和变形。必要时应与设计单位或建设单位协商，采取防护措施，并在施工中进行沉降或位移观测。
During earthwork excavation, the adjacent buildings or structures, roads, pipelines, etc. shall be prevented from sinking and deformation. If necessary, it is necessary to consult with the design unit or the construction unit, take protective measures, and observe the settlement or displacement during the construction.
施工中如发现有文物或古墓等，应妥善保护，并应及时报请当地有关部门处理，方可继续施工。如发现有测量用的永久性标桩或地质、地震部门设置的长期观测点等，应加以保护。在敷设有地上或地下管线、电缆的地段进行土方施工时，应事先取得有关管理部门的书面同意，施工中应采取措施，以防止损坏管线，防范塌方，避免因挖掘造成的严重事故。
If cultural relics or ancient tombs are found during the construction, they shall be properly protected, and shall be reported to the local relevant departments for handling in time before the construction can continue. If permanent stakes for surveying or long-term observation points set by geological and seismic departments are found, they shall be protected. When earthwork construction is carried out in the section where the above ground or underground pipelines and cables are laid, the written consent of the relevant management department shall be obtained in advance, and measures shall be taken during the construction to prevent pipeline damage, collapse and serious accidents caused by excavation.